Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a method to assess the environmental burden in the life cycle of products, processes, or activities (Silvestri et al., 2020).Currently, LCA is widely used to evaluate environmental pollution and GHG emissions of various battery technologies, and they can be summarized as follows: (1) Comparing carbon emissions and environmental indicators between LIBs and other
The life cycle impact assessment reveals that battery use accounts for 70% of life cycle GWP and FDP impacts while battery production represents 28%. The relative significances of the environmental impacts of the Li-S battery are compared with those of a conventional NCM-Graphite LIB at the same 320 km driving range.
Life Cycle Environmental Assessment of Lithium-Ion and Nickel Metal Hydride Batteries for Plug-In Hybrid and Battery Electric Vehicles. Environmental Science & Technology 2011 , 45 (10) , 4548-4554.
It is necessary to evaluate the environmental impact of power batteries in the whole life cycle. With regard to the battery, the life cycle assessment (LCA) is one of the most effective ways of exploring the resource and environmental impact of a battery's life cycle, a system of assessment has been developed by ISO 14040.
namely life cycle assessment, environmental life cycle cost - ing, and social life cycle assessment (Finkbeiner et al. 2010; Kloepffer 2008; UNEP/SETAC 2011). Since the LCSA approach is used in this study to assess the three dimen-sions of traction batteries, the following literature review examines studies that use LCSA methods. Table 1 provides
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li ion battery life cycle assessment
